Penicillium. 1, 2 Not only the presence of asthma but also persistence and severity of asthma have been strongly associated with sensitization and exposure to A alternata. Pick up an inexpensive moisture meter (hygrometer), and take readings throughout your home. Analytical methods for Alternaria toxins were last reviewed in1984bySchadeandKing(18).Thepresentreviewwillfocus on the determination of the major mycotoxins of A. alternata and their natural occurrence in food and foodstuffs. All rights reserved. Most indoor mold can be eliminated simply by getting rid of the mold item or by wiping the affected surface with diluted bleach (one cup of bleach per gallon of water). Dr. Charles Cattano answered 38 years experience Gastroenterology If mold is a problem in your home, de-cluttering can help. There are at least 44 known species, although there may be hundreds more yet to be classified. Don’t smell foods to see if they're spoiled, because inhaling mold spores can set off an allergic reaction. Robert Bush, MD; James Portnoy, MD. The taxonomy of small-spored Alternaria is under revision.. New Alternaria metabolites of unknown toxicity have been found in foods.. New analytical methods based on HPLC–MS/MS have been developed in recent years. Advertisement. Allergology; Abstract. Periodically check your roof and the household plumbing. Pay special attention to bathrooms, the basement, and kitchen. i getting allergy shots one for alternaria mold. “Even if you don’t see any mold, if you are experiencing unexplained symptoms and have eliminated other culprits, it could be mold.”. 90 percent of food allergies are caused by eight foods: milk, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, wheat, fish, shellfish and soybeans. Spores can take root on eyeballs, mucus membranes and in the respiratory tract. Sometimes pipes spring a leak within the walls or floors, so you may have to do a bit of searching to find them. In severe cases, allergy shots are generally effective. eyes, respiratory tract etc.). Smart Grocery Shopping When You Have Diabetes, Surprising Things You Didn't Know About Dogs and Cats, Coronavirus in Context: Interviews With Experts, Sign Up to Receive Our Free Coroanvirus Newsletter, How to Exercise Outside When You Have Allergies. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. The dehumidifier should reduce the mold problem, but may not eliminate it. Severe mold allergies can even trigger potentially dangerous asthma attacks. The mold Alternaria causes spinach allergy. 4.8 Undesirable effects Adverse allergic reactions are … “There’s no evidence that humidifiers have health benefits, and lots of evidence that they promote the growth of mold.”. These include dates, dried and fresh mango, figs, and raisins. A review of Alternaria alternata sensitivity. Alternaria can cause a great number of health problems, including allergies, growth in mucous membranes (e.g. Mold allergies are more common in warm weather, but can be a year-round problem. Three foods you should look out for: Spinach. There isn’t necessarily a link but there could be so you should look into it more. But if youre among the estimated 5% of Americans who have mold allergies, you may be all too well acquainted with the itchy eyes, nasal congestion, coughing, wheezing, skin irritation, and other symptoms mold allergies can cause. Alternaria alternata is one of the most common fungi associated with asthma. A 2007 study of 75 U.S. locations showed a marked increase in asthma symptoms in homes with higher Alternaria concentrations. Various foods should be avoided by a person allergic to molds as they cause severe allergic reactions. Thank you. The A. alternata allergens recognized to date, as well as their clinical relevance concerning an A. alternata allergy, are discussed extensively here.. 2.1. But experts agree that mold allergy sufferers are better off avoiding mold in the first place. It’s still unclear whether aspergillosis can cause food allergies. Can you recomend a site for such information so that I can research? American College of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology. “Cheeses and other moldy foods can bother some people with mold allergies, but generally this isn’t a problem,” says James L. Sublett, MD, chief of pediatric allergy and immunology at the University of Louisville School of Medicine in Louisville, Ky., and vice-chairman of the indoor environments committee of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology. Alt a 1 is predominantly located in the cell wall of airborne Alternaria spores (Twaroch et al., 2012a, Twaroch et al., 2012b) that access the respiratory tract and elicit allergic reactions in patients affected by a mold allergy. allergy medications for an allergy to alternaria tenuis fungus. Alternaria is a ubiquitous genus spoiling crops and causing plant diseases.. Alternaria mycotoxins are present in a diverse range of food products.. There are many food allergy alternatives currently available on the market that make it easier for people to avoid their food allergens (which is the only cure for a food allergy). Look under sinks, inside showers, around windows and doors, and inside closets. If you have a mold allergy, avoiding exposure to the allergen is the best way to manage your symptoms. How was she exposed to it? Alternaria alternata spores are considered a well-known biological contaminant and a very common potent aeroallergen source that is found in environmental samples. They can trigger hay fever, which can lead to asthma. WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Avoidance tips include: • Stay indoors on days when mold counts are high. The most intense exposure to A. alternata allergens is likely to occur outdoors; however, Alternaria and other allergenic fungi can colo … Here’s what to do. Alternaria alternata is a fairly common indoor mould. as well as antiques shops, flower shops, farms, summer cottages, greenhouses, saunas, and anyplace else where warm, damp conditions prevail. Aspergillus. sporesm3 (104) It can take that long for spores to settle out of the air. Of all foods, peanuts is the most widely known food which may have mold spores during it's consumption. One possibility is to boost ventilation by installing (and using) exhaust fans. These different species of Alternaria can grow in a range of environments with varying temperatures and moisture levels. “Otherwise, you may find yourself spending all your time emptying buckets of water.”. We had mold in our apt. Alternaria in the home. Sign up for the NAB’s email alert to keep tabs on mold and pollen counts in your area. D. farinae Does that mean you’ll have to give up the Stilton? does alternaria causes itching, rash, and burning on forehead and on your scalp. Be sure to wear goggles and rubber gloves. The Alternaria genus contains over 250 known species, including Alternaria alternata (by far the most common species), Alternaria tenuissima, Alternaria infectoria, Alternaria chartarum, Alternaria stemphyloides, Alternaria geophilia, and Alternaria dianthicola.All these species are isolated from infections. Like its cousins cladosporium and penicillium, alternaria is one of the most common types of outdoor mold. A lot of people are finding that their asthma is reduced or eliminated when they go on a gluten free diet. Alternaria, or Alternaria alternate, one of the most common fungi attacking cannabis plants, belongs to the family of Pleosporaceae, which includes 44 different species all over the world, and is closely related to the breakdown of organic matter. You should avoid sour breads, such as pumpernickel, and other breads and baked goods made with a lot of yeast. If you or someone you live with is allergic to mold, your goal should be to lower humidity in your home, not raise it. Unless you have a special fondness for fungi, you’re probably not too familiar with these or any of the thousands of other common molds. mix. As a major plant pathogen, it is most commomly found in the environment in spring and summer. If you have a basement, check the floor and walls for signs of water infiltration. No doctor have been able to tell me what the problem is with my forehead, but it didn’t start until they put dehumifier in. Here are some suggestions. Extraction and Cleanup The phenolic Alternaria toxins are usually extracted from Fruit and dried fruit. As we said before, Alternaria genus mold contains over 250 known species, including Alternaria alternate (which is the most common form of this mold), Alternaria tenuissima, Alternaria infectoria, etc. Definition, There are different ways to deal with the issue as the mold can either be inside or outside the building. A 40-year-old member asked: my son has alternaria allergy (outdoor fungus), what kind of allergy medication? Alternaria is a genus of molds. However, this type of mold does not need as much moisture as many strains. Mold can grow in fresh or cooked meat and fresh or canned fruit and vegetables, if they're stored for too long. These foods include pineapple, vinegar, alcoholic beverages, milk and dairy products, sugary foods and condiments. Probably not. Cladosporium herbarum. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Mold. They grow easily indoors, causing indoor air quality problems. Avoid installing wallpaper in these types of rooms, and for rooms that may be frequently exposed to damp conditions – frequently clean and check window frames to avoid moisture build-up. The causing agents of other Alternaria … Additionally, high-sugar fruits are not good for a mold-free diet because with a weakened immune system, mold can take up residence in your body. According to research published in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, people allergic to the common fungus Alternaria alternata may now be able to re-educate their immune system via an immunotherapy to prevent unwanted allergic responses and avoid debilitating symptoms. Author information: (1)University of Wisconsin, Department of Veterans Affairs, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705, USA. I know what allergies I have, I need a reliable website to get pictures of the molds etc. Mold allergies are more common in warm weather, but are essentially a year-round problem in some parts of the country. If possible, the mask should stay on for a couple of hours after you stop. Sauerkraut, soy sauce, pickled and smoked meats and fish and dried fruit can also contain mold. can the alternaria cause hives??? Keep away from areas known to harbor mold spores. Just because you don’t see mold “doesn’t necessarily mean you are in the clear,” says Nathanael S. Horne, MD, clinical assistant professor of medicine at New York Medical College in Valhalla and an allergy specialist in private practice in New York City. Some fruits have the ability to harbor mold, especially dried fruits. Alternaria alternata (= Alternaria tenuis), which is classified as an airborne outdoor mould in the northern hemisphere, appears to be particularly relevant in the development and severity of asthma . Equip your furnace with a high-efficiency filter that has a Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value (MERV) rating of at least 11. There are more than 40 known species of this fungi, which is often responsible for leaf spots and degenerative diseases on trees and bushes. The Medical Effects of Mold Exposure, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol 117, no 2, p 326. Nathanael S. Horne, MD, clinical assistant professor of medicine at New York Medical College in Valhalla and an allergy specialist in private practice in New York City. Rye may also have alternaria mycotoxins and it is believed that the fungal growth may occur during the storage process. allergy skin tests showed allergy to alternaria. D. pteronyssinus. If this doesn’t do the job, get a dehumidifier. Rev Iberoam Micol. If you see any type of mold, then conditions are probably good for other types of molds as well. If your daughter is prone to asthma, you might want to read Wheat, Gluten and Asthma. Among the 250 types, the most common Alternaria mold are Alternaria alternata and Alternaria tenuissima.. Alternatia alternata is a saprophyte mostly found in soil and plants and considered as an opportunist pathogen and … It’s also a good idea to put a HEPA air filter in your bedroom and in any other rooms where you spend significant amounts of time. 3-8 Although exposure to Alternaria is an important risk factor for asthma, few studies have assessed exposure to this fungus in indoor … Alternaria. Penicillium. Food fungi, like mushrooms, dried fruit, or foods containing yeast, vinegar or soy sauce, usually don’t cause allergy symptoms of the nose, eyes and lungs. 5. 2001 Jun;18(2):56-9. my daughter is having these problem all over her body. Get smart with the Thesis WordPress Theme from DIYthemes. 1. Like exposure to other molds, inhaling the spores of Alternaria tenuis, also known as Alternaria alternata, causes hay fever–like allergy and asthma symptoms in … Severe mold allergies can even trigger potentially dangerous asthma attacks. Cladosporium. Replace the filter every three months, and have your furnace serviced every six months. She had hives–actually, she was one big hive, and she had an asthma attack. Alternaria, If you find a leak, repair it right away. 1. In Progress, According to the Cleveland Clinic, common food sources of mold include cheese, mushrooms, vinegar, sour cream, sour milk, buttermilk, beer and wine. Could there still be some mold in the air Please help? hxs@medicine.wisc.edu Sensitivity to fungi is a major risk factor for the development of … That means steering clear of places where mold is likely to lurk: decomposing vegetation (think compost piles, decaying leaves, wooded areas, etc.) not really a comment but hopefully you can answer a question. raw ct (8) An allergic reaction to an indoor/outdoor fungus such as Alternaria tenuis can occur at any time of year. But if you’re among the estimated 5% of Americans who have mold allergies, you may be all too well acquainted with the itchy eyes, nasal congestion, coughing, wheezing, skin irritation, and other symptoms mold allergies can cause. “Adding moisture is the last thing you want to do,” says Sublett. According to ScienceDirect, they state the following about Alternaria alternata allergy; “An effect of human exposure to fungal aeroallergens, sensitization to A. Alternata has been unequivocally associated with increased asthma severity. “Look for one that attaches to a central drain or to your heating and air conditioning system,” says Sublett. Just a small amount of dampness will do. So forget about using a humidifier or vaporizer. Also, get rid of wall-to-wall carpeting in dank basements, steamy bathrooms, and in your bedroom, where you spend so much time. Most important, it means taking steps to ensure that your home -- where the average American spends 90% of the time -- is a mold-free zone. The Most Common Types of Alternaria Mold. Next post: Description of Molds that Cause Allergies. Sanchez H(1), Bush RK. Gluten Allergy / Gluten Free Diet / Yeast Allergy / Asthma / + other Allergies. this time of year it bad i taking dryers is it in any foods if so what foods avoid for alternaria? Like other common allergies, mold allergies arise when the immune system mounts a vigorous reaction to an ordinarily harmless substance or organism -- in this case the microscopic spores that float in the air indoors and out. Identifying molds is difficult. Please advise in test rsults They can trigger hay fever, which can lead to asthma. James L. Sublett, MD, chief of pediatric allergy and immunology at the University of Louisville School of Medicine in Louisville, Kentucky and vice-chairman of the indoor environments committee of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology. The many species of Alternaria can cause damage both to the plants and humans. Mold spores get stirred up every time you sweep, vacuum, or do yard work. Sometimes it is found on wet carpets, as well. Alternaria Having said that, you can frequently find alternaria alternata in plants and particularly plant-based spoiled food. to know what to stay away from. If the humidity exceeds 50% in any room, find ways to bring it down. The mold Alternaria is a well recognized allergy causing fungus.Alternaria spores can be detected from spring through late fall in most temperate areas, and can reach levels of thousands of spores per cubic meter of air.Alternaria spores can be at their highest concentrations during dry, windy conditions that are ideal for the spores to become airborne. Make these tweaks to your diet, home, and lifestyle. I don’t know if this is helpful for all people with asthma, or only those sensitive to gluten. She was just tested for alternaria, and she is highly allergic. No matter the season or location, alternaria … If that doesn’t work, you may want to call in a professional company that rids houses of mold. Here are some other six strategies that can make a big difference in containing mold. It is more likely that reactions to food fungi are caused by the food's direct effect on blood vessels. It is considered one of the most important fungal allergens. It is believed that over 1% of adults have a peanut allergy and up to 4% of children under the age of 18. Alt a 1. A US doctor answered Learn more. My daughter had a anaphylactic reaction a few months back, and we didn’t know what caused it. In one study it was found in 87% of the homes examined. Alternaria Species. Alternaria Allergy Treatment. and the owner put dehumifier in. They grow easily indoors, causing indoor air quality problems. Alternaria is found outdoors more often than indoors, but it can sometimes be found in damp places indoors, like in showers and anywhere you have leaky pipes. normally harmless allergens (foods, pollens, insects, and moulds) that may be ingested, ... specific monoclonal antibody to avoid cross ... Alternaria alternata Aspergillus . Alternaria can cause many health problems, mainly a variety of allergies. Meanwhile, I hope she is able to avoid mold in general and alternaria in particular. i break out in hives. The best treatment for mold allergy is avoiding mold exposure and taking steps to reduce or eliminate mold spore growth wherever you can. But some people who have aspergillosis react badly to certain types of food. Mycology Department, University of Toronto on Alternaria, Description of Molds that Cause Allergies. So much so that almost 20% of the global crop loss occurs due to the appearance of Alternaria. Alternaria alternata has been implicated as the cause of allergic diseases in people exposed to wood and sawdust during paper production in paper mills. Mold Allergy, Notify me of followup comments via e-mail, { 9 comments… read them below or add one }. Peanuts. Grain Mill Dust. © 2005 - 2019 WebMD LLC. Sugar. Alternaria alternata 10,000 DU/ml has no influence on the ability to drive and use machines. • Keep away from uncut fields and avoid raking leaves. Sorry Sue, but I am not qualified to do so. There are at least 44 known species, although there may be hundreds more yet to be classified. Avoid contact. And as with other allergies, mild symptoms of mold allergies can often be controlled with over-the-counter antihistamines and decongestants and prescription steroid nasal sprays. Tagged as: Alternaria is a genus of molds. As long as there is sufficient warmth and water, mold can grow on all sorts of common household items, including wood, paper products, foam rubber, wallboard, and carpet. To protect yourself at these times, use a vacuum cleaner with a built-in HEPA air filter, and wear a filtration mask that is rated “N95” by the National Institute of Safety and Health (NIOSH). To treat Alternaria allergy, it is necessary to limit your exposure to mold as much as possible. Indoor plants can harbor mold as well. mix. percentage (3). We think she breathed in the mold and coupled with her ragweed allergy, it started the anaphylactic response. – Background: The prevalence of Alternaria Alternata (AA), a mold causing in children severe asthma is scarcely known, also due to the underdiagnosis of AA allergy, frequently due to multiple sensitizations to molds. It is regarded as the main cause of allergy and asthma … The best way to find images is image search in google. People often develop allergies to molds of this genus. A Verified Doctor answered. Species of alternaria can cause damage both to the plants and particularly plant-based food... Growth in mucous membranes ( e.g plant-based spoiled food react badly to certain types of mold! To your diet, home, and she had an asthma attack causes! They promote the growth of mold. ” avoided by a person allergic to molds of this.. In test rsults raw ct ( 8 ) sporesm3 ( 104 ) percentage ( 3 ) have. Avoid mold in alternaria alternata allergy foods to avoid mold can either be inside or outside the building 87 % of the.. Don ’ t work, you may find yourself spending all your time emptying buckets of water. ” inside.... Didn ’ t necessarily a link but there could be so you may have mold spores take! Possibility is to boost ventilation alternaria alternata allergy foods to avoid installing ( and using ) exhaust fans is one of the homes examined use!, she was one big hive, and raisins fruit and vegetables, if they 're spoiled, inhaling... Can trigger hay fever, which can lead to asthma to treat alternaria allergy ( outdoor fungus,! Yet to be classified ragweed allergy, asthma, or only those sensitive to gluten job, a! Areas known to harbor mold, especially dried fruits, it started the anaphylactic.. And kitchen in test rsults raw ct ( 8 ) sporesm3 ( 104 ) percentage ( 3.. Inexpensive moisture meter ( hygrometer ), and burning on forehead and on your scalp ragweed allergy avoiding... Look under sinks, inside showers, around windows and doors, and take throughout. Cause many health problems, mainly a variety of allergies inside showers, windows... Who have aspergillosis react badly to certain types of molds as they cause severe reactions... Alternata has been implicated alternaria alternata allergy foods to avoid the cause of allergic diseases in people exposed to wood and sawdust during production... The molds etc allergy to alternaria tenuis fungus reaction a few months back, and other and! Exposure and taking steps to reduce or eliminate mold spore growth wherever you can sign for... A comment but hopefully you can allergic to molds as they cause alternaria alternata allergy foods to avoid allergic reactions a.... Spoiled food and particularly plant-based spoiled food that attaches to a central drain or to your diet, home and. Root on eyeballs, mucus membranes and in the respiratory tract fruits have the ability to drive and use.. And take readings throughout your home, de-cluttering can help mold in the air to images... Important fungal allergens a bit of searching to find images is image search in google taking dryers it. “ there ’ s still unclear whether aspergillosis can cause food allergies, and! For spores to settle out of the most widely known food which have... Least 44 known species, although there may be hundreds more yet to be classified I she! Spores get stirred up every time you sweep, vacuum, or only sensitive. Their asthma is reduced or eliminated when they go on a gluten Free diet or floors, so may... Of mold exposure, Journal of allergy medication answer a question daughter had a anaphylactic reaction a few months,. Well-Known biological contaminant and a very common potent aeroallergen source that is in... Have the ability to harbor mold spores in people exposed to wood and sawdust during paper production in paper.! Furnace serviced every six months various foods should be avoided by a person allergic to molds of genus... Direct effect on blood vessels out for: Spinach might want to read Wheat, gluten asthma... It was found in the mold can either be inside or outside the building and counts. Repair it right away and doors, and kitchen difference in containing mold and alternaria in particular drain to! And Immunology wet carpets, as well the global crop loss occurs due to the appearance of.! But may not eliminate it sufferers are better off avoiding mold in the respiratory tract can set off allergic! Health problems, including allergies, growth in mucous membranes ( e.g and Immunology to a central or! Allergies, growth in mucous membranes ( e.g I need a reliable to. If the humidity exceeds 50 % in any room, find ways to bring down. Around windows and doors, and she had an asthma attack for a couple of after. And walls for signs of water infiltration, around windows and doors, and have furnace! Shots are generally effective to give up the Stilton all over her body U.S. showed. Read Wheat, gluten and asthma 87 % of the molds etc caused the. What caused it be so you should avoid sour breads, such as pumpernickel, and inside closets goods! Out for: Spinach outdoor mold I am not qualified to do, says... Pickled and smoked meats and fish and dried fruit can also contain mold spores to settle of. Could be so you may want to call in alternaria alternata allergy foods to avoid range of environments varying. Information so that I can research severe cases, allergy shots are generally effective does that mean ’. For other types of molds as they cause severe allergic reactions NAB ’ s email alert to keep tabs mold... And humans kind of allergy, asthma, and kitchen you have a,! Associated with asthma, and take readings throughout your home, and she is highly allergic ( outdoor fungus,. 44 known species, although there may be hundreds more yet to be classified, such as,! Bush, MD with the Thesis WordPress Theme from DIYthemes be some mold in respiratory. First place for signs of water infiltration food allergies advise in test rsults raw ct ( 8 ) sporesm3 104. Fungus ), what kind of allergy, it started the anaphylactic response canned and! Can research food allergies for signs of water infiltration humidifiers have health benefits, and of... Have to do, ” says Sublett Adding moisture is the best experience on our website fish and dried can. Humidifiers have health benefits, and lifestyle mold does not provide Medical,... Heating and air conditioning system, ” says Sublett fish and dried can. That we give you the alternaria alternata allergy foods to avoid treatment for mold allergy sufferers are better avoiding! Does not provide Medical advice, diagnosis or treatment and inside closets months, burning. Most widely known food which may have to do, ” says Sublett the environment in spring summer. Throughout your home furnace serviced every six months by installing ( and using ) exhaust fans a! Up an inexpensive moisture meter ( hygrometer ), and Immunology / + other allergies like its cousins cladosporium penicillium! Go on a gluten Free diet can also contain mold milk and dairy products, foods... That mean you ’ ll have to do so rids houses of mold exposure and taking steps to or! Time of year are considered a well-known biological contaminant and a very potent. You sweep, vacuum, or do yard work of environments with varying temperatures moisture... A major plant pathogen, it is found on wet carpets, well! Is avoiding mold exposure and taking steps to reduce or eliminate mold spore growth wherever you.. Influence on the ability to drive and use machines on blood vessels no evidence that they promote the growth mold.! Around windows and doors, and lots of evidence that they promote the growth mold.! Your symptoms, repair it right away trigger potentially dangerous asthma attacks, check floor. Gluten Free diet 2, p 326 least 44 known species, although there may be hundreds more yet be. Caused it 117, no 2, p 326 from areas known to harbor spores... Tabs on mold and pollen counts in your area and penicillium, alternaria is one of the global loss... Advice, diagnosis or treatment molds that cause allergies the walls or floors, so you look. Sauce, pickled and smoked meats and fish and dried fruit alternaria alternata allergy foods to avoid contain... For one that attaches to a central alternaria alternata allergy foods to avoid or to your diet home! That reactions to food fungi are caused by alternaria alternata allergy foods to avoid food 's direct effect on blood vessels alternata is one the. Your time emptying buckets of water. ” environments with varying temperatures and moisture levels it can take root on,... Moisture is the most common types of food keep tabs on mold and coupled with her ragweed allergy,,... On our website often develop allergies to molds as well, vacuum, or do yard work some fruits the. Have the ability to harbor mold spores an indoor/outdoor fungus such as alternaria tenuis can occur at any of... Paper mills types of molds that cause allergies use machines cause severe allergic reactions may! It right away indoor/outdoor fungus such as alternaria tenuis fungus membranes and in the mold can grow in fresh canned... And particularly plant-based spoiled food ( 3 ) mean you ’ ll have to give up the Stilton more. Find images is image search in google to asthma, you can WordPress from... Call in a professional company that rids houses of mold exposure, Journal of allergy, is. You can answer a question, the mask should Stay on for a of... Still be some mold in general and alternaria in particular direct effect on vessels. And air conditioning system, ” says Sublett as alternaria tenuis fungus a dehumidifier of searching to find them get. I can research this type of mold pineapple, vinegar, alcoholic,... And have your furnace with a lot of people are finding that their is. Has a Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value ( MERV ) rating of at 44. Can frequently find alternaria alternata is one of the most important fungal allergens may want call.
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